Laying tiles in the bathroom: examples and diagrams

You can transform the interior of the room in different ways. The end result depends on the materials chosen for the floor and walls. There are a lot of options. One of the most popular types of cladding is tile, which has a wide scope of application. When choosing this building material for repair work, it is necessary to think out in advance what its color and shape will be, to study possible methods of tile layout.

Coverage Features

The building material is used for interior and exterior use. With its help, they finish the walls, the floor, the ceiling inside the premises, make the lining of fireplaces, stoves, pools, lay out the paths and the whole grounds. Depending on the application, all existing types of this coating can be divided into the following groups:

  • wall mounted;
  • floor standing;
  • ceiling;
  • front;
  • decorative;
  • sidewalk.

The choice of specific products depends on the type of work performed. One of the most popular products is ceramic tile. It is a flat plate made of baked clay. The first samples of this building material were found in the territory of Mesopotamia. With their help, in the third and second millennium BC performed the decoration of temples and palaces.

Finished products can have a variety of forms. The most popular are square and rectangular, less common multi-faceted, figured models. Select a specific option is based on color, texture, size. Particular attention should be paid to the layout method. The general view of the room or building, the consumption of raw materials, the cost of its purchase, the total cost, taking into account the installation, depends on this.

Regardless of the type chosen, one should take into account the fact that building material can be laid only on a prepared, leveled base. Before installation, be sure to tie.

Types of tiles

Manufacturers produce a wide range of finished products. Products differ in color, shape, material used for their production, have different applications. One of the most popular options suitable for indoor and outdoor use is ceramics. You can get products using the following methods:

  • Casting. Clay mass fill in special forms, burn them in the furnace.
  • Extrusion Raw materials are drawn and cut on the machine.
  • Pressing. There are two different technologies: betting, monokottura. In the first case, during the manufacturing process, the clay is pressed, the obtained blanks are fired, then a layer of glaze is applied to them, they are again fired. In the second variant, the preliminary hardening step is omitted.

There are several types of ceramic tiles, among which are:

  • Clinker. It is made of a special type of plastic clay, which is burned at high temperatures. It lacks artificial pigments and plasticizers. It has a low level of water absorption, is characterized by durability, frost resistance, wear resistance.
  • Terracotta. For its production take white chamotte clay. Externally similar to a wild stone, Prague brick. It can enclose stoves and fireplaces, facades of buildings.
  • Cotto. It mainly serves as a floor covering, rarely for wall cladding.
  • Porcelain stoneware. The artificial material imitating a natural stone. It is produced by the method of semi-dry pressing, after which it is fired at a temperature of 1200-1300 ° C. It consists of kaolin, quartz sand, feldspar and pegmatite.


Ceramic products are very popular, but many other types can be found on sale:

  • Carpet. Consists of several layers. The bottom is made of fiberglass, the top of nylon. Used as flooring.
  • Rubber. Like the previous view, it fits mainly on the floor.
  • Synthetic (polyvinyl chloride PVC). It is a plastic panel, laminated from the front. They can have any pattern and color. They are insensitive to moisture, so they are often installed in the bathroom.
  • Quartzvinyl. This is a flexible building material with a high content of quartz sand.
  • Corkboard. One of the least common. Differs in good sound insulation, heat insulation, badly transfers a damp environment.
  • Glass. According to its characteristics is not inferior to ceramic models. It is very strong, neutral to moisture.
  • Polystyrene. The main type that is used as a ceiling finish.

We should also consider paving tiles. It is used for paving roads, squares, sidewalks, private territories. There are concrete, polymer sanding, coatings based on rubber, rubber crumb. The latter type is designed for equipment for children and sports grounds. All available models differ in color and shape, and can be stacked in different ways.


Size and shape

The tile is one of the best facing materials which is applied in construction not one century. Manufacturers produce a wide range of these products. It is characterized by a large variety of colors and textures, has a variety of shapes and dimensions. The most high-quality products are manufactured according to the established norms and standards, in which the permissible dimensions are always indicated. Below are some GOSTs, the values ​​stated in them in mm:

GOST 6787-2001. Operates in almost all countries of the former Soviet Union. Determines the type of ceramics for floors.

The form
SquareRectangle
LengthWidthThicknessLengthWidthThickness
150150Not less than 7.5200150Not less than 7.5
200200250200
202202300200
250250400300
300300500300
302302
330330
400400
500500

GOST 6141-91 Ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding.

The form
SquareRectangle
LengthWidthThicknessLengthWidthThickness
1001005-6100755-6
1501505-6150755-6
2002007-81501005-6
2001007-8
2001507-8

GOST 13996-93 Facade ceramics

The form
SquareRectangle
LengthWidthThicknessLengthWidthThickness
50504120657
1501507-9125607
20020091401207
150757
1501007-9
2001007-9
2001509
240657-9
250657-9
2501007-9
3001009
3001509

The standards of the state standard are allowed to produce finished products of any sizes and shapes, so manufacturers are free to set these parameters independently.

In addition to standard square and rectangular models, you can find triangular, five-, six-, octahedral, figured versions on sale. When laying such products, you can create unique compositions, but you should take into account the fact that you cannot do without cutting them. Drawing can be varied using material of different shades. The color scheme allows you to visually increase or decrease the height of the ceiling, to make the room narrower or wider.

Basic layout options

The above laying methods are relevant not only for floor or wall tiles, but also for paving. Before you buy facing building materials should understand the layout methods. This will allow you to perform accurate calculations on the amount of raw materials needed for the work. Also it is necessary to take into account the fact that some of the products will be broken, a marriage may be present in the party, so experts recommend making a small stock.

Base

The classic laying method is the easiest to implement. It can be used when finishing the floor and walls. For work the tile of square and rectangular shape is used. The lined surface visually has the appearance of a standard sheet in a cell, and the seams resemble lines. The essence of this method lies in the layout of all elements in even rows of butt joints, and the edges of the material used should be parallel to the corners of the room.

During operation, the paver must constantly monitor the flatness of both horizontal and vertical joints. Also, installation difficulties may arise if there is a pattern on the surface of the product. High-quality masonry looks quite attractive, is found in many interiors. This technique is the most economical in terms of building materials, the minimum amount of trimming is applied here.


In the dressing

The offset method also applies to the standard. Externally, the brickwork resembles a brick. The material is laid flat horizontal stripes, but in contrast to the previously considered option, the seams of each of the next row on half the tiles are shifted compared to the previous one. Visually, you can see that each separate block is on top of the two lower ones, and if you extend the seam upwards, it will divide the top element into two equal halves.

When working preference is given to rectangular products. The main rule of masonry - the middle of each element must coincide with the vertical seam of the previous or next row. This method allows the installation of lower quality tiles, the requirements for exact dimensions are reduced. Small deviations are almost imperceptible. However, it is not recommended to use material that is different in color or texture.

Diagonally

The basis of this technique is the classical method. The only difference is in the arrangement of the elements at an angle of 45 degrees relative to all the angular lines of the plane on which the installation is performed. For work the tile of the square form is used. The coloring can be monophonic, also plates with a pattern are applied. In the second case, the docking of all components is more difficult.

This is one of the most difficult layouts, which requires a certain experience from the master. Installation of finishing material begins with a corner. The first row is a tile cut diagonally. After laying two isosceles triangles go to the next line. The seams should cross at a 90 degree angle. You can check their evenness with the help of a laser level.

The diagonal method allows you to visually expand the space, giving the room an unusual, unique look. The main disadvantage of masonry is a large amount of trimming. After installation work there will be a lot of waste. It is recommended to buy raw materials with a 15% margin. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the finishing material, the size of the individual blocks should be the same.


Staggered

Laying tiles is a basic or diagonal method. In fact, this technique is their variety. The only difference is that the work uses plates of two different colors, which alternate with each other like cells on a chessboard. It is not necessary to choose a black and white layout. You can combine any shades, use the material with different patterns.

Modular

One of the most interesting ways of laying. For its implementation will require blocks of different sizes. At least three sizes are used. The ratio of elements to each other should be 1: 2, 1: 4. The layout is a creative process, as a result of which a geometric pattern is formed. Only an experienced specialist can perform the installation, the work requires utmost care and accuracy.

When buying material, it is best to give preference to a tile with a special marking, which is designed specifically for modular installation. In the ready-made kits, the individual components exactly match each other. The texture of the plates should be uniform, the colors may be different. Having executed a combination of several types of elements, it is possible to receive unique drawing which will decorate a bath or kitchen.

Herringbone

For work the tile of a rectangular shape is used. Apply solid products that imitate parquet or natural stone. At arrangement of a kitchen apron, a bathroom, a bathtub it is possible to apply a special tile a pig. It is laid out in two ways in the dressing or herringbone. The modern material has an elongated rectangular shape with beveled chamfers (facets), which give it a unique convex appearance.

Lay out the elements should be a certain way. All tiled blocks are joined together by a narrow and wide side at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, all the plates with respect to the walls are turned at an angle of 45 degrees, located diagonally. There are English, French, Hungarian styling scheme. They put tiles on the walls only in a horizontal position, the vertical layout can spoil the appearance of the room.


Deck

Make styling is very simple. Deck layout method is a type of dressing. The only difference is that the modules in adjacent rows are not shifted by half of their length, but by only one-fifth or sixth. Mainly used for floor cladding. The most commonly used materials that imitate natural wood. This is a good decor option for the hallway room. Allows you to hide the flaws of poor-quality tiles, different in length.

Linear

Laying tile is similar to the basic version. For work the same size tile is used, but different colors. Building material of the same color is located in the same row, another in the next. Lines can be straight (horizontal, vertical), placed diagonally, solid or intermittent, crossed and interrupted. The main condition is a combination of selected shades among themselves.

Labyrinth

This technique is also called braided. For the work will require a tile of square and rectangular shape. The pattern is created by interlacing straight stripes around a light or dark square. It is very difficult to choose the size of all elements. Experts recommend at the stage of purchase to lay out the finished sample of the purchased materials. Square blocks should be exactly half smaller than rectangular.

Ornament

Using tiles of different colors, you can create a whole carpet of tiles. In the center there can be a flower, a complex ornament, large and small, simple drawings. To create a beautiful coating used blocks of three or more shades. Before laying, a sketch of the planned image is made, on the basis of which a tiled lining is formed. This design is suitable for the hallway and bath.

How to calculate and decompose tiles in the bathroom

Having decided to decorate the shower room with the help of a tile, it is necessary to determine its type, method of laying, to perform the necessary calculations. In order not to make a mistake with the amount of material required for the work, it is advisable to make a detailed floor plan with your own hands, mark all the key details on it, draw the location of furniture and plumbing, other elements.

The diagram indicates the location method of ceramics. You should choose a color and layout that will be combined with interior items, fit into the overall design of the room. After that, the wall and floor area is calculated. To do this, you need to measure the length of all the walls in the room, calculate the height. Calculate the total area of ​​the bathroom, from it subtract the value of the door and window opening, if any.

If the bath is planned to be covered, its size must also be taken into account. Based on these data, the volume of facing material is calculated taking into account a small stock. If the work will be done by the master, then for standard masonry methods this figure is 5%, for a diagonal, modular method, laying of tiled plates with an ornament is recommended to make a 15% reserve. For beginners it is recommended to increase all values ​​by another 5%.

How to choose a tile

When choosing building materials, many parameters are taken into account. Initially, you should pay attention to the size of the room. For example, for a small-sized bathroom, a toilet, it is appropriate to use tiles of small sizes 150x150 mm, 200x200 mm. Large blocks on the contrary, emphasize the lack of free space. In the spacious hall it will be appropriate to look small and large elements.

Also consider the color of the coating. Dark colors visually reduce the room, light, on the contrary, increase it. Visually expand the space by using plates of cold tones (blue, silver), or using a diagonal stack. It is possible to increase the height of the ceiling by the method of vertical laying, by selecting corners with a certain color, arrangement of the border and mosaic at eye level.

When buying a finished product, you need to familiarize yourself with the symbols on the box. The image of the foot indicates that the product is intended for floor installation. Wear resistance class is indicated by the abbreviation PIE. Color marking confirms the quality of the product. The red dot serves to indicate the highest quality building material, the number of defects in the batch does not exceed 5%.


An important role is played by a visual inspection of the material. If chips are found on the surface, cracks should be abandoned. Such defects indicate poor quality. If the decoration is planned to decorate the unglaced balcony, you need to pay attention to the designation in the form of a snowflake, which indicates the frost resistance of the product. Also consider the chemical resistance of the material.

Overview of programs for the layout and calculation of the number of tiles

Специальные онлайн и офлайн-программы позволяют визуально оценить различные варианты кладки, выполнить правильные расчеты необходимого количества стройматериала. Они предоставляют возможность сделать моделирование любой комнаты, будь то туалет, ванна или, кухня. Among the many species are the following products:

  • Tile PROF. Allows you to create 3D design projects on the entered sizes.
  • Arculator The program for the account of internal facing materials.
  • Compass 3D Home. It has significant limitations, but with its help it is possible to design different drawings of a house, to combine different materials.
  • PRO100 or K3-Furniture. Performs calculations of interior design projects.
  • ViSoft Premium. Easy to use. Makes it possible to design a bathroom.
  • Sketchup. Design software.

Conclusion

Tile - one of the most popular materials in construction. It has a wide range of applications. Used for interior and exterior use. There is a huge variety of species that differ in shape, size, and raw materials used in the production process. There are also a large number of different methods of laying this product, some of them are quite simple, they can even be performed by a beginner in the construction business, others require certain skills and training.

Watch the video: How to Tile a Shower Wall (March 2024).

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