How to finish a fireplace: facing by a tile, an artificial stone

The fireplace has always been and still remains a "status" object, symbolizing luxury and wealth. But many would be able to afford such a real or fake object today. Proper facing of the fireplace will allow you to easily fit it into almost any interior style, creating a uniquely beautiful setting in the decorated room.

Finishing features

One of the most important requirements for finishing this fireplace is the fire resistance of the cladding material. The design consists of a hearth (the place where the fire burns) and a portal (decorative exterior) with a chimney. The object is carried out most often from clinker - a special heat-resistant furnace brick.

The color of the finish also matters. When the fireplace is designed primarily to heat the room, and not to decorate it, the most dark matte tone is preferable. The more textured, relief surface is performed, the stronger the heat transfer, and therefore the higher the temperature in the room with such a stove.


Types, ways of finishing the fireplace

Options for finishing the portal there are several, each of them has its own positive and negative properties. Most often, the hearth is plastered with subsequent painting, faced with decorative ceramic tiles, natural or artificial stone, sheathed with sheets of metal. The portal itself is often decorated with refractory glass doors, heavy cast-iron gratings, and steel flaps.

The narrower the room, the more miniature the decorative hearth becomes, the brighter its decoration is.

Plastering: advantages, disadvantages

Finishing the hearth plaster - the process is not complicated and not expensive. Suitable for buildings completely made of brick, concrete. This design does not make the object heavier; therefore, it is not necessary to further strengthen the foundation. The plaster layer, intended for subsequent finishing, is slightly different from the decorative option. When you change the interior design is easy to repaint a different color, corresponding to the color of the situation. A minus of such finishing - when applying a thick layer reinforcement is required, as well as long-term drying.

Facing the fireplace tiles - pros, cons

Very often, fireplaces are veneered with ceramic tiles, porcelain. The latter is put both directly on the glue and on the metal profiles. With the help of porcelain stoneware, it is easy to disguise uneven brickwork, chips, and other surface defects. The material is durable, resistant to frost, open fire, sudden changes in temperature, humidity, physical damage, and maintains a beautiful appearance for a long time. The downside is not the lowest price.

Facing with ceramic tiles is an inexpensive option, since you can make it yourself or choose from the widest assortment currently represented by most stores. According to its shape, it is offered square, rectangular, figured, angular, etc. The material is fire resistant, environmentally friendly, and it will work for almost any interior style. Material minus - low impact resistance.


 

Fireplace decoration with artificial stone - for and against

Artificial stone is cheaper than natural, it resembles it remotely. Such material is many times lighter in weight - no additional strengthening of the foundation for it is needed. Frost resistance, resistance to chemicals in most species is also at altitude. Fake stone is made of gypsum, stone chips, polymers, imitates granite, marble, onyx, sandstone. The material fits easily with his own hand, there are flexible options for curved surfaces. Significant drawbacks - a fake stone does not have a natural thermal conductivity, as well as the corresponding characteristics of strength, moisture resistance, it is more fragile.


Natural stone trim: positive, negative qualities

Real natural stone is a heavy, beautiful material, completely natural. Such a finish always looks luxurious, it is voluminous, rather complex in execution, but as durable as possible - the fireplace will serve more than one generation. It is permissible to install the structure even in a room that is not heated. The stone is resistant to abrasion, impact-resistant, and the variety of types, shapes, colors allows you to choose it for different interior styles.

The construction device on the first floor of a private house requires a reinforced foundation under it, on the second and subsequent products it is recommended to install it at the junction of two main walls. Another disadvantage is the high cost of the material. For facing use:

  • marble;
  • granite;
  • sandstone;
  • shell rock;
  • talkohlorit;
  • tuff;
  • limestone.

Metal sheeting - advantages, disadvantages

The design of the hearth by sheathing metal sheets is suitable for many modern interior styles. The most popular finishes are stainless steel, copper and brass, decoration technique - broaching, chasing (including hand), artistic etching, plasma cutting. Metals are easy to combine with natural or artificial stone, plaster. The undoubted advantages of such a finish are a relatively small weight of parts, the ability to decorate a fireplace in almost any interior style (retro, classic, hi-tech, etc.) without completely rebuilding it. A stand-alone structure, completely made of metal, is easy to connect and place at any point in space. The main disadvantages are the probability to get serious burns when the metal surface is touched, uneven heating of the room, and rapid cooling.

How to choose a plaster for the fireplace

For the design of the fireplace insert, pipe and other details, it will be necessary to choose the correct plaster. The composition is often mixed independently using the following main components:

  • clay - added for heat resistance. It is advisable to choose not too "fat" - such quickly cracked when heating the design being made;
  • sand - high temperatures are not terrible for him, the coating comes out as strong as possible, in terms of its volume they take about twice as much as clay;
  • lime - an excellent plasticizer, improves adhesion with the base, facilitates the application process. It is recommended to purchase ready-made hydrated fluff or to make it yourself;
  • asbestos, fiberglass - increase the thickness, heat resistance, durability of the coating. It is preferable to add up to 7-10% of natural fiberglass to the solution, asbestos is even less, since it is very toxic;
  • cement - as a binder component, it is added to no more than 50% of the total volume of the mixture, since a larger amount will lead to cracking of the surface.

If there is no experience in the preparation of multicomponent mixtures, it is better to buy ready-made plaster for furnaces.

How to plaster yourself

Self-plastering construction is not too difficult. It is only important to choose a special composition - fire-resistant, when heated, it does not emit harmful substances into the surrounding atmosphere and does not crack under the influence of high temperatures.

How to do the plastering step by step:

  • before starting work, the walls of the structure are cleaned of dirt, degreased, slightly heated, moistened with water;
  • then reinforcement is carried out using a special grid so that the coating turns out as strong as possible;
  • after that it is sprayed with a liquid solution - this allows you to fill the pores in the brickwork;
  • when the layer is slightly grabbed, plastering is done - a layer of four to six mm is applied. thick To do this, apply trowel and half-liner;
  • then put another one or three of the same thin layers, dried;
  • Nakryvka produced the same liquid mixture as spray, it helps to hide the smallest defects. The plane is leveled to full solidification using a wood trowel;
  • it is permissible to heat the stove after three or four days - to accelerate the process of kindling drying is unacceptable, since the coating often cracks;
  • textured coating make very thin - 0.3-0.7 cm, so that the finish does not make the building heavier;
  • decorative plaster is rarely tinted, because the paint will have to add themselves. It is chosen to be heat-resistant - up to +650 degrees, the best way is suitable organosilicon enamel, which almost never cracks.

Which tile is suitable for finishing the fireplace

The main parameters of the choice:

  • impact resistance, wear resistance - directly affect the durability of the coating;
  • design - the appearance of the fireplace should match the style of the room;
  • moisture resistance - if there is water in the room (sauna, bath);
  • resistance to temperature extremes - very important if the hearth is the only source of heating the room;
  • thickness - the more the better, the option not thinner than eight mm is recommended;
  • porosity - it is desirable to use low-porous, as it is more durable;
  • Marking tiles - the use of category "A" is more acceptable, since the dimensions of the product are as accurate as possible, the pattern is clear, which is very important when laying out complex patterns.

There are many types of finishing materials based on ceramic tiles:

  • Terracotta material is durable and durable, frost-resistant and vapor-proof. The tile does not crack on impact, practically does not scratch, is suitable for wet, heated and unheated rooms, and is attached to any surface. The fireplace, decorated with terracotta tiles, heats longer than others, the coating tolerates sharp temperature drops;
  • tiles - are used for highly artistic finishing of furnaces, most often they are covered with glaze, almost any drawing is applied. The heat transfer of the product is high, it is easy to care for it, but the cost of the material is high;
  • porcelain stoneware - combines the best properties of granite and ceramics, is resistant to temperature extremes, does not crack, does not mold, does not fade in the sun, is offered in different color options;
  • The brick tile - is made from several grades of clay, with addition of a chamotte powder. The thickness of the material is 9–13 mm, it can be easily mounted using hot melt glue, but when designing a summer kitchen, the latter is frost resistant. Clinker tiles of low porosity, wear resistant, impact resistant;
  • majolica - used for a long time, in composition it is an improved terracotta, with a pattern applied on it, covered with transparent glaze. The price of the material is high,
  • A tile is heat-resistant, perfectly tolerates temperature changes, but in the cold the material deteriorates quickly and crumbles. For fireplaces matte options are preferred - they do not crack. Laying is performed using heat-resistant compositions or without glue - in a metal frame;
  • chamotte tile - made of stone flour and refractory clay, has acid resistance, fire resistance, excellent tolerates ultra-low temperatures, is not erased.

DIY tile mounting technology

For self-laying purchased a special composition - tile glue. On the seamy side of the tiles there are usually special notches that increase the adhesion of the parts to the base. The design is recommended to strengthen the coarse reinforcing mesh, fixed to the screws or nails. Next, the grid is covered with a mixture of sand, clay, high-grade cement, with the addition of polymers. The seams are made with grout, so that they are even, special plastic crosses are used during installation. The evenness of the coating is checked by level and plumb.

The choice of artificial stone for decoration

Artificial stone is made of plaster, synthetic materials, most often with the addition of stone chips. Its separate types are outwardly indistinguishable from the present. High-quality design is obtained with the right choice of materials.

Main criteria:

  • price - a good stone is not too cheap, but foreign products are always much more expensive than domestic ones;
  • the goods used for decoration of residential premises must have a certificate of conformity and hygienic, do not contain harmful components;
  • the longer a manufacturing company exists, the more likely it is to produce quality material;
  • the stone should not be too porous - this affects the strength, durability of the trim elements;
  • On the package, the manufacturer's logo must be indicated, the date of manufacture is also important - the optimum strength of the artificial stone is typed in 28-30 days from the date of manufacture. If the term is less - the goods are of poor quality, it is better to refuse to buy them.

Features of work with artificial stone when finishing the fireplace

The design of the hearth with a false stone has a number of features:

  • works are performed at a temperature of at least +6 degrees;
  • It is important to use suitable glue recommended by the manufacturer;
  • for cutting use a hacksaw;
  • the surface of the product is cleaned, a reinforcing mesh is installed on it;
  • then plaster is applied to the mesh, layer thickness - 0.9-1.5 cm, dried;
  • lining produced from the angle from top to bottom, so that the details do not get dirty;
  • a thick layer of mortar is applied to each part with a trowel, pressed to the place to be made out, and excess glue is removed;
  • it is desirable to use long and short parts in turn, adjusting them with a hacksaw, nippers;
  • all seams are filled with mortar, dried, removed too much;
  • after complete drying, the structure is coated with hydrophobic compounds to increase the service life of the coating.

The choice of natural stone for facing the fireplace

Facing this stone involves a wide variety of materials. To work fit marble and travertine, sandstone and granite, tuff and limestone. When choosing the appropriate option, it should be remembered that smooth materials are less in need of care, cleaning from contamination. Such stones as granite and marble have a solid weight, which will require a very strong foundation for a fireplace. It is equally important that the chosen decor fits well with the interior.

Properties of different stones:

  • sandstone - layered, has a wide range of colors (from red-pink to dark gray), changes color with changing light, resistant to temperature extremes;
  • slate - it is red, yellow, green, brown, black, etc., costs relatively expensive, requires periodic treatment with dirt-repellent mixtures;
  • travertine - usually yellowish-gray color, porous, not too dense, therefore for improvement of properties it is covered with special structures;
  • granite - the most durable, reliable, durable, resistant to shocks, chemicals, temperature extremes. Color range from white-gray to almost black, from pale yellow to maroon. The price is very high, but the appearance is strict, solid;
  • marble - looks luxurious, is expensive. Coloring - white, gray, black, motley. The material easily tolerates temperature changes, physical effects, but it is not resistant to aggressive chemicals, household dyes, and therefore needs special coating;
  • onyx is a semi-precious stone whose presence in the room makes it unique. The material perfectly transmits light, is yellow, green, orange, brown, resistant to high and low temperatures, but chemicals for it are destructive, and the cost is about three times more than other stones.

 

Rules of working with marble, other natural stone

Working with a real stone, whether it is marble, granite, sandstone or others, is labor intensive. Each tile will have to be carefully customized in size, choose the tone. The work will require special grinding machines, stone-cutting devices.

Laying order:

  • the surface of the stove is cleaned of contamination, the reinforcing mesh is mounted;
  • facing elements are adjusted so that all the tiles are the same size, shade, thickness;
  • laying start with the largest parts, fixed with tile glue;
  • culling, if necessary, is used in obscure places;
  • in order not to confuse the locations of individual tiles, they are marked on the reverse side;
  • it is desirable to add to the glue compounds that increase its elasticity, the material should not fall on the front side of the tiles;
  • Work begins from the bottom left corner, observing the order: from left to right, from bottom to top;
  • for tiles over 10 mm thick, additional wire reinforcement is used;
  • the seams are rubbed two days after laying, trying not to stain the material with a grout.

Stylistic directions in the decoration of the fireplace

Different types of stoves are built into very different interiors. It is important to observe the integrity of the interior, select an acceptable color range. A fireplace is often a zoning detail that allows you to neatly divide a spacious room into two functional parts. Most often fireplaces are built into the interiors of classicism, baroque, loft, Provence, and country.

English style

The hearth in the English style make U-shaped, equipping a large furnace, a wide mantel shelf. Подходящие отделочные материалы - ценные породы древесины (венге, зебрано, мореный дуб, карельская береза и др.) либо их качественная имитация, керамическая плитка, металл (кованые элементы). Большинство линий здесь - ровные, углы - строго прямые, все детали имеют строгую правильную форму.


В стиле прованс

Provence fireplace has the simplest form, but every detail is designed to the maximum. Color designs are usually white, other suitable colors - pastel, cream, pale pink, bluish, pale green. Decorative plaster, ceramic tile with floral ornament, light wood, including painted, artificially aged, will be suitable as a material. Forging will also have to place.


Country style

Country music is a style associated with rustic simplicity and comfort, because the fireplace here is decorated "modestly, but with taste." This design is rather heavy, very voluminous, because self-finishing is very laborious. The portal itself is D-shaped, a thick beam is located above the firebox, most often a stone one. Artificially aged natural stone (shell rock, sandstone), bricklaying, imitation of stone, brick will be suitable for decoration.


In classic style

Classic is usually associated with harmony, symmetry, correct geometry, both of the object itself and of the whole room where it is located. Here a few stucco elements are admissible - moldings, sockets, semi-columns, pilasters, corner parts and so on. Forging, ceramic tiles, made in bright colors with unobtrusive decor, including imitating wood, is also acceptable.


Hi-tech style

Fireplace in high-tech style necessarily smooth, brilliant. Rarely it is located near the wall - usually it is located in the corner, island, suspended, rotating structures. The main finishing materials are metal, glass (fire-resistant, transparent, patterned, partially tinted, etc.).

Fire-resistant glasses differ in a high thermolysis therefore are used in the designs created for heating.

In ethnic style

Ethnic fireplaces are variegated oriental and strict European designs. Less often, it is an imitation of the “Russian stove”, inscribed in the appropriate interior. Popular finishing methods are decorative plaster, chalk whitewash, clay coating mixed with various dyes, mosaic of colored ceramic tiles. The patterns here are completely absent, or are the most winding, multicolored.


Loft style

Loft hearth is always made out "antique", finished with brick, stone, dark metal, coarse wood, less often - plaster, stucco. The construction is usually placed near the wall, but island, suspended variants are permissible, the shape is rectangular, rounded, in the form of a barrel, etc. The chimney is not disguised here, but becomes accent. Also, the hearth may resemble a slightly modernized "stove-stove" located in an empty niche.


Options for trimming fireplaces

Not every private house will manage to equip a real fireplace, in a city apartment for its installation you will have to visit several instances, draw up a project, and with a high probability of being refused. Therefore, where it is impossible to decorate a real center, they create a false portal. The fire in it is drawn or made of cloth set in motion with the help of air, which is sometimes accompanied by the sound of crackling firewood.

Artificial fireplaces are made one-sided, three-sided, less often - are viewed from all four sides. They are distinguished from the wall, angular (convex and concave), island pseudo-foci, in shape - square, cylindrical, "pyramids", etc.

The finishing of such a construction is simpler than the real one - the false fireplace does not heat up, it is completely fireproof, therefore the requirements for finishing relate primarily to the appearance of the product. The portal is made out by gypsum plasterboard, wood, various types of ceramics, and stone.

Conclusion

Decorating a fireplace, a real or a fake stove in the country, in a country house is permissible with the help of both artificial and natural materials. Decorating the product portal is allowed in almost any way, using the most fireproof decorations. Registration is done personally or by inviting professional decorators.

Watch the video: DIY How To Install Stone on Your Fireplace Easily (March 2024).

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