In modern suburbs, dacha or household plots of small size are the most popular - only four or seven hectares. They are easy to care for, there is enough space for a good rest on the weekend or in the summer after work. But it is sometimes difficult to correctly zone 5 hectares of landscape design - this area is not so large as to dig up a full-fledged pool, break up a spacious garden and at the same time leave space to sunbathe, fry kebabs, plant onions, potatoes and flowers.
What to consider when planning the site
At the very beginning, you should make a plan, develop a detailed project on your own or with the help of specialists. The bottom line is that the area of a small area should be used to the maximum. The land is divided into places for work and recreation areas. First major facilities are planned - a house, a garage, a bath. After that, the space is chosen for a garden, garden, flower garden, paths between them.
When planning take into account the shape of the site:
- rectangular - the most comfortable, home, recreation area is located here in the depths of the garden, in the far corner of the station, near a vegetable garden;
- oval-elongated - the zoning is clearer here, decorative “hedges” are used for it, zoning can be used when the brightly colored plants of a warm color are planted along the short sides, small ones with long colors, with cold colors;
- L-shaped - in the protruding "branch", behind the house, have a recreation area, outbuildings will be located in the far corner of the site, the garden - closer to home.
The basic principles of planning:
- the house is better placed on the opposite edge relative to the entrance to the plot, then everything will fit as nicely as possible;
- the main route - from the gate to the door of the house, it is the very first;
- trees - overly large ones should be abandoned, various conifers, apples and others give a lot of shade, occupying a useful area;
- large buildings - the very minimum should be planned: if the gazebo, then the corner, if the barn, then in the form of an extension to the house;
- lighting - all significant objects are highlighted: a gazebo, the entrance to the house, the main path, a decorative fountain or a pond;
- vegetable beds - placed around the perimeter of the villa or all in one place, without disturbing the appearance;
- the scenery - small figures of gnomes, forest dwellers, heroes of fairy tales will adorn the space.
The house is placed as far as possible at the highest point of the plot so that the spring waters do not flood it. It is desirable that the windows of the kitchen, bedroom, nursery overlook the south side.
Zoning
The first thing that a summer resident should do is draw a diagram of the available land. The landscape is divided into five zones:
- recreation;
- garden;
- garden;
- residential;
- economic.
Depending on what you mainly plan to do at the dacha - gardening, gardening or just relaxing, a certain area is allocated for each zone. 55-75% of the territory is usually allocated for a garden-garden, for a place of rest - 15-20%, a house with outbuildings will occupy up to 10% of the plot.
Full site information is the basis for successful zoning. If it is planned to build an artesian well, a basin, a well, the groundwater level is important, the degree of deviation.
Functional recreation area
When a private area is intended primarily for recreation, this place is settled in accordance with the maximum comfort for tourists. Here you will find a sauna with a small artificial pond, a rock garden with a gazebo, a terrace with barbecue facilities. All elements are located near or in three different places of the territory, alternating with lush flower gardens, alpine slides.
Homemade decor of scrap materials will provide an opportunity to show creative ability, decorating the space. Swans from old tires, palm trees from plastic bottles, carved "wooden grandfathers" will give the cottage a uniqueness, a unique color, any means will be good.
Ergonomic arrangement of outbuildings
Outbuildings are made as less visible as possible, preferably in the most remote corners of the garden. They are decorated with "creeping" plants, positioning so that the buildings do not shade the beds, do not close the yard. They are also used as protection against cold winds, so it is advisable to place them on the north or north-west side.
The norms of distances from various objects to the buildings of neighbors, their fence, are governed by a set of norms and rules that should be observed to avoid fines, forced demolition.
The choice of trees for the garden, their location on the site
Trees are chosen not too large, not razlapistye, otherwise they will strongly shade the site. They are grouped in the center or along the perimeter of the site. Functional zones are separated with the help of trees, combined with shrubs. Low-growing apples, cherries, and pears are selected from the fruit; currants and gooseberries are among the bushes. Decorative thuja, dwarf fir, juniper, small fir-trees, are appropriate for benches, gazebos in the recreation area.
When planting trees should be considered:
- what soil they need;
- climatic growing conditions are important for fruit ripening;
- irrigation regime, depth of groundwater;
- average lifetime;
- minimum food area;
- other care.
The individual characteristics of various breeds are also taken into account: the bird cherry, poplar are capable of destroying with their roots the foundation of a house, bathhouse, gazebos, and planting willow in a garden is simply considered a bad omen.
Compact garden, flower beds
The garden is located in the most sunny, sheltered from the wind place - so the harvest will be plentiful. Too extensive garden should not be done - there will be no space for rest. The beds should not be flooded during heavy rains, in dry weather they need watering, which means that a nearby source of water. It is quite acceptable to have one greenhouse, preferably of glass or plastic, as the film will have to be updated annually, especially if there is often strong wind in the region.
For registration of beds fit any design solutions. Light-loving plants should be planted in the sun itself, shade-tolerant - anywhere, including on vertical structures behind commercial buildings. Suspended pots or pots with flowers are mounted on the fence, special fixtures along the house.
Vertical beds for strawberries, some herbs, salads will also be an excellent solution in a small area.
Style decisions for a small site
The design is chosen so that it was pleasant to look at. The most popular styles today are:
- East - the most functional, fully used every centimeter of the area. Distinctive characteristics are low trees, including plum, cherry, turning in the spring in the "flowering sakura." A rock garden with a toy pagoda, a fountain, and a waterfall will also have to be very handy. The summer house itself is also sometimes styled as Chinese;
- Palace - more expensive, luxurious, pompous, with an abundance of decor. The house is made up of columns, benches made of stone or dark wood with wrought-iron legs, stone vases, with flowers growing in them, figurally trimmed rows of bushes repeat the shape of the benches. Reservoirs are made of stone bridges or their imitation;
- natural - flower beds of wild flowers, sandy paths, low shrubs. There may be several forest trees, which are attached to the decorative form, simple wooden benches, carved arbor. The pond is decorated with floating plants, an easy bridge is spread over the streamlet.
About paths, fence, lawn
It is good to sunbathe on the lawn in the summer season, to have picnics. In the presence of children there is a play area - swings, ladders, slides, an inflatable pool. The fence is chosen such a height so as not to obscure the cottage, neighboring areas. It is made of stone, wood, metal profile, chain-link mesh. In the latter case, the decoration of the fence with creeping plants is especially important that the site is not visible.
The main path is about a meter wide, the rest is a bit narrower. It is important to choose the right material for them, so as not to perepilat annually. Suitable large tiles, asphalt, concrete. Pebbles, sand, gravel will have to periodically pour. A slight bias on the edges of the tracks will not allow water to accumulate on them during the rain.
Cultivation of a good, dense lawn will take several years, because it is easier to use the purchased, rolled. It is expensive, but it looks good, it perfectly “keeps” on any slope.
Conclusion
The landscape design of the backyard area, country cottage can be done by hand, with relatively low budget costs, placing there everything you need - a house, a bathhouse, a chicken coop or a rabbit, a vegetable garden in several beds, a greenhouse, a place to rest. If finances allow, and independent zoning fails in any way, you can turn to professional landscape designers, who will depict the future landscaped area in 3D format, taking into account all the wishes of the customer.
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