The first examples of wall paintings include the Neolithic rock art. Even leading a primitive way of life, a man sought not only to capture what he saw around, but to make these pictures an ornament of the home. Each pattern was based on only four colors, the pigments of which could be obtained by simple processing of natural materials. They mostly depicted hunting, since this process occupied the lion's share of the time of the primitive man and became the meaning of his life. There are also magnificent specimens of early abstractionism: randomly placed handprints on the arches and walls, creating a single artistic composition. The person was improved, and together with it the skill of a list developed. Ancient Egypt became the real “cradle” of this art form. The frescoes were executed in the manner of laconicism, which was compensated by the monumentality of the structures decorated by them. The Egyptians were hardworking and thorough people. The secrets of the compositions for painting and the basics of this science were carefully kept and passed on to the next generations. The central figure of the wall paintings became a man or a deity in his guise. The latter were distinguished from ordinary mortals by animal heads and paraphernalia, which helped to fulfill their mission (feather Maat, Anubis rod with dog skin).
The main motive in painting the walls was the relationship between gods and humans, as well as skits-battles. The household side of life did not fit into the sublime manner of drawing the ancient Egyptians. If it is portrayed, it is only for ritual purposes. In ancient Rome and Greece began to create more mundane paintings. Deities had a completely human appearance, life was mentioned more often. There were bas-reliefs that combined painting and sculpture. Wall painting in the interior began to appear more and more often in the homes of wealthy citizens. At the same time, signs began to be used that designated the prototypes of modern cafes and other public places. In the Middle Ages, church painting began to develop. The interior of the temples and cathedrals impressed with its size and detail. Nowadays, decorative painted walls do not so often decorate the interiors of rooms in ordinary apartments. This trend was formed after the photo printing appeared, which allowed making wallpaper with any images. Many people mistakenly believe that only a professional can cope with such an exclusive interior solution, and this will inevitably entail additional expenses. In fact, even a novice designer can independently master the basics of this type of art. In extreme cases, there are templates that will greatly facilitate the work. Let's try to understand the intricacies of the process and choose the best technique for a beginner.
Technology and features of wall painting in the interior
With the help of modern technology, people have learned to imitate many expensive materials and to replace time-consuming manual work with a fast process carried out by machines. The decor turns out, as a rule, typical, stamped. In order not to meet a similar design in the house of a neighbor, many wall decorations in the house create their own hands. Of course, this process will take time and will require certain financial and labor costs, but the interior will be unique, author's. That is, among the hundreds of rooms with standard decor, your home will become an unusual island of originality. The art list is used in any rooms, it is universal. Since there is no limit to human fantasy, this method also opens up endless possibilities for the creator. The drawing made qualitatively looks natural and volume. With it, you can "replay" the wrong geometry of the room. With the right selection of colors, painting can visually expand the space. Restrictions on the size and stylistic decision set only you. Naturally, this element will become the center of the decoration picture, so no hack will tolerate any interior. However, it is important to comply with the measure, even in such a beautiful decor. The best option is the design of only one, accent wall in the room. Its surface before work needs to be prepared properly.
Preparing the wall for interior painting
The preparatory stage of the surface is conventionally divided into several steps:
- Remove the old coating layer;
- Clogging and leveling defects. Degreasing and plastering;
- Primer after drying the surface. This layer will provide good adhesion between paints and the wall;
- Final leveling with putty and applying an additional coat of primer.
After the wall has dried, it will be ready to be painted.
To reinforce the layer of plaster, it is recommended to use a reinforcing mesh.
Paints for painting walls in the interior
For painting walls use several types of paints, each of which has a special composition, causing the characteristics of the substance. Gone are the days when artists independently picked up and mixed pigments, and recipes were carefully protected from the encroachments of competitors from the world of art. So, the following types of paints are used for painting:
- Oil, where the binder - linseed oil, oil. Gradually fading into the past, as working with them will require certain skills. The technology of their mixing also lends itself to not everyone. On the surface, the oil will “live” less than modern counterparts. The reason for this is lime and alkaline salts, which are contained in the material of the walls. They break down the oil over time. Paints do not like dark rooms and quickly turn yellow without light, but it fits well on wooden surfaces. The main advantage of oil is long drying. Since this process stretches over several days, the artist can make adjustments to the drawing if necessary.
- Tempera (binder - emulsion). The paints dry rather quickly, and several layers allow creating the effect of a volumetric composition. Tempera is recommended to cover with varnish on top, for deep shades. The latter, by the way, after drying slightly brighten.
- Acrylic (binder - acrylic resin). Modern material that is popular. Paints dry quickly, do not contain toxic substances in the composition and form a durable film on the surface. It is similar to the plastic protective "peel". Acrylic is not afraid of light or lack of it. If the paint quality, the picture will live at least 10-15 years. In addition to the usual formulations using fluorescent, fluorescent additives. Also produce pearl or metallized acrylic.
Before you buy expensive paint, listen to the advice of a professional of their choice. So, for example, it is recommended to start with acrylic, and practice on gouache, which in work is remotely similar to it.
Do not forget to purchase a set of brushes. They will be needed to create any paintings, except abstract. It is recommended to pay more for brushes made from the wool of a pony or squirrel, as they are softer and do not leave traces of the dropped out hairs on the surface. The set must contain tools of different thickness to create separate elements of the composition.
Used techniques when creating murals
The painting can be created in various techniques, among which the most popular and spectacular are noted:
- Fresco and alsecco close to it;
- Bulk painting (similar to the bas-relief) and sgraffito;
- Airbrush;
- Paintings with fluorescent acrylic;
- Grisaille. It will require high skill, as it is performed in one color of different saturation. The technique is similar to the graphics.
We should also note the method using stencils. The option is ideal for beginners who are not confident in their abilities and are afraid to put the first stroke on the prepared wall.
Airbrush
In this technique, instead of brushes and paints, an aerograph is used. He sprays the contents above the surface, even its name translates as "drawing by air." Dyes in airbrushing use liquid and powder, but water-soluble acryl is more popular. Lies composition on any surface, even on the wallpaper. Will have to work in a respirator. To master the technique with the first "zilch" few have succeeded. Before painting you will have to practice in order to adjust to an unusual way. Airbrush allows you to draw even tiny details, thereby providing high detail drawing. By the way, even the ancient artists who blew dye from special tubes owned a similar technique.
Fresco
Fresco techniques from the Middle Ages are used for interior decoration. The essence of the method consists in applying paints on the plaster that has not yet dried. It contains lime, which forms a strong calcium film on the surface of the pattern. The disadvantage of the method is the need to work very quickly. For this reason, do not recommend to resort to the technique of novice artists who only master the art of painting. Water soluble paints are used for work.
Alsecco is like a fresco. Paints are applied on the already dried, but re-moistened surface.
Painting with fluorescent paints
Fluorescent paints have a feature - glow in the dark. Use transparent or color formulations. The first days are generally invisible as well as the drawing. In the daytime, colored ones look like ordinary paints that painted, and at night they transform walls with a pleasant glow. Quite often, fluorescent compositions are decorated with drawings made with acrylic or tempera. They distinguish accent elements. Fluorescent composition is absolutely safe for humans, it does not emit toxic substances. Such colors are recommended to depict simple landscapes without an abundance of fine details.
Volume painting
Volumetric technique combines the process of modeling with coloring. On the prepared surface, first put plaster or plaster. Formed from the still dried material relief elements. Then, after drying, "stucco" paint. There is also another technique, which is called graffito. It comes from Italy. Several layers of colored plaster are applied successively on the wall. After it dries with a special sharp tool, they begin to scratch the drawing. The result is a relief image, which, as practice shows, will last more than one year.
Stencil use
Stencils - the best help in situations where the imagination draws fantastic landscapes, and their hands can not repeat. Also, the device is used when it is necessary to depict many of the same type of elements to reduce the time of work. Stencils are usually made of plastic. The plates are washed after use, and they are ready for reuse.
Painted with acrylic paints
Acryl is considered the most convenient material for novice decorators. Its color "range" is rich, and the composition is completely safe for humans. Acrylic can be washed off if necessary, if you need to correct the individual details of the painting. Gradually, after you start to fill your hand, it is recommended to use a combination of techniques to improve your skills.
Picture selection
The drawing should correspond to the stylistic decision and the color palette of the room. Particular attention is paid to its location. The perception of the whole interior depends on which wall will be accent. The loft used "smoky" paintings and graffiti on the brick walls. Performed painting in airbrushing. Romantic Provence style loves floral motifs. Bouquets of wildflowers, peonies, roses, lilies will be the best complement to the interior of the French hinterland. In the modern style, masterpieces of painting are often repeated, which at one time adorned the boudoir and luxurious salons in the style characteristic of the style. Inimitable art deco prefers fine patterns and ornate ornaments. The Japanese style and minimalist close to him in spirit allow painting that is thematic for their native country: orchids, pagodas, sakura branches. In the ethnic direction there are practically no restrictions. If the interior imitates a bungalow in the tropics, the images of the sea and palm trees will be very useful, but for African motifs in the painting using trees with characteristic crowns, elephants, "dried" landscape. In addition to the style, it is worth considering the functional purpose of the room.
In the living room
In the living room, painting usually corrects flaws. For example, for a small room, it is important to use a picture with a perspective: footpaths, terraces or paths that go to an endless distance. The painting can replace the installation of columns or pilasters, and at the same time ennoble the classic design. Fireplace - a cozy center of any room. It is not always possible to establish even his imitation, let alone the original. Painted element on the wall with realistic tongues of flame will be a wonderful interior addition.
In the bedroom
The bedroom is used exclusively for rest, therefore, each piece of interior of this room should be designed for comfort and relaxation. In the painting usually prevail natural motifs. Landscapes, panoramas of the water world, greens of a juicy grass or a head of bright flowers will help to calm down and prepare for a sound sleep. Painted, as a rule, the wall above the head of the bed, as in most cases it is accent. In the same room, they often decorate ceilings in a similar way. It is not advised to resort to dark tones that will make the room visually smaller and will psychologically put pressure on the owners.
In the nursery
In children's rooms it is recommended to use fluorescent paints for painting. Such a "luminous" coating will create a real fairy tale in the room. For the boy fit the picture with the motives of space. For girls, they create more delicate landscapes: castle interiors, magical landscapes. The painting is also used when zoning space. A corner for reading and studying can be decorated with a picture depicting “wisdom” trees with books on the branches-shelves. Make accents on soft, soothing colors. Tasteless potpourri of bright colors will not contribute either to sleep or to the learning process.
In the kitchen
In the kitchen, usually decorated with a painted dining area. Depict thematic subjects for this room: plates, bread, sweets, cups of coffee or tea, spices. Organically, there will look culinary paintings, consisting of various dishes and "juicy" still lifes. In small kitchens painting should open up the space, creating a three-dimensional illusion. Images of French terraces, neat Italian streets, and picturesque landscapes are widely used. To extend the life of the painted surface is not recommended to place the accent near the stove or sink. Such a neighborhood will quickly spoil the decorative surface.
Conclusion
The painting refers to one of the oldest methods of decoration. It has been perfected over the centuries. The difficult path of development began in the primitive images of the hunting men and led to fantastic scale paintings adorning the arches of the Sistine Chapel. Similar monuments of art were created over the years. Now all the necessary tools and compositions can be bought ready, and all that is required from the artist is patience and talent. Arm them to create a unique interior masterpiece within your own picture, which will become a symbol of victory over yourself and a source of pride of the author.
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