Ornamental trees for the garden: names and 50 photos

What kind of person who has a country hacienda, does not dream of a luxurious garden, where there will be not only fruit, but also beautiful ornamental plants? Neatly trimmed shrubs, ornamental trees for the garden, located around a huge cottage or a small country house, will create an excellent atmosphere for relaxation after strenuous everyday life, will become the pride of the owners, the subject of "white" envy of their neighbors.

The role of ornamental trees, shrubs in the gardens

Ornamental plants are precisely the element that is often lacking in summer cottages intended only for harvesting. Nevertheless, their role is quite large:

decorate the site, gives it an aesthetic appearance;
saturation of the environment with oxygen, absorption of carbon dioxide;
release into the air of various useful substances;
when planting along the perimeter of the site - protection of people, fruit plants from dust, gas pollution;
on a hot day, dense crowns of trees will hide in their shade the summer house owners from the summer heat;
a hedge will protect a low or mesh fence from prying eyes;
thick ornamental shrubs along the fence will not allow strong winds to affect vegetable and berry crops.

Different breeds delight the eye in different ways - some during flowering, others - from the moment the leaves appear until they fall off, and conifers - almost all year round.

What trees to plant: we are determined with the choice

The selection of suitable ornamental trees depends on the climate in the region, the size of the garden area, the personal preferences of the gardening owners, and their financial capabilities. For cold northern latitudes, it is better to acquire frost-resistant species - the southern varieties will have to be further warmed, and this is unnecessary trouble, especially when there are many such trees. In warm terrain, the choice of suitable vegetation is slightly larger, but individual breeds are very picky about soil composition, acidity, watering frequency, which is especially important in arid areas.

On large, spacious plots, tall trees with wide crowns are placed, but for confined spaces, this option is unacceptable - such species are able to obscure the space almost completely, not allowing the normal growth of more stunted ones.

Some gardeners purchased low Kadochnye trees, related mainly to exotic - the summer is spent outdoors, and winter in a closed room.

Selection of trees on the parameters of the garden

Ornamental trees are conventionally divided into:

undersized - less than 10 m in height. These include: wart birch, Jung's birch, prickly hawthorn, weeping ash, palm-shaped maple, yellow acacia, Japanese quince, Daurian juniper, bauber;
sredneroslye - about 10-15 m tall. These include: green-maple maple, Tatar maple, western thuja, rowan, weeping willow, weeping birch;
tall - not less than 15 m tall. These include: oak, linden, Norway spruce, chestnut, forest beech, Platanova maple.

Tall woody plants create vertical accents of space, three-dimensional landscape, give a lot of shade, create a sense of security. For small plots, even three-four-meter-high trees will become tall, for larger ones, 25-30-meter giants. In the composition of various wood compositions, dwarf varieties of habitual trees are used - no more than 1.5 meters high. Experts recommend combining several options in your garden, creating unique landscapes.

Tree species

All ornamental woody plants are divided into:

conifers - their seeds develop, ripen in cones of various shapes. Most of these species have needle-shaped leaves of various lengths, thicknesses with or without a wax coating; in some species, the foliage is flat, scaly;
deciduous - flowering plants with leaves on the petioles. Foliage has a varied configuration, colors ranging from light green to crimson-red. The leaves bloom in spring, and fade in the fall and are shed;
ornamental fruit - varieties of ordinary fruit trees, often have a small height, small fruits, beautiful leaves;
Exotic - imported species, often not adapted to the climate of mid-latitudes. Usually require protective shelter at the onset of cold weather.

Conifer

Unpretentious, mostly high, although there are small varieties, can grow well on almost any soil.

Description of the most common species with names:

juniper - grows on brightly lit or medium-shaded places, prefer moisture-absorbing, light, loose soils. He suffers a strong waterlogging, so it is often planted on the slopes, in rockeries, in high flower gardens. Varieties: Chinese - has a bronze-yellow color, a height of up to two meters, a horizontal - bluish needles, grows up to 50 cm, scaly - actively expands in width, height about 30 cm;
pine - grows well in sunny, sandy areas, does not tolerate excessive waterlogging. Sometimes ordinary and dwarf rocks. A popular species is mountain pine with yellowish-green needles, in ten years it grows no more than half a meter, it winters beautifully under snow;
Spruce - good specimens grow in wet, but not dried, wetlands. Varieties: common - with dark green needles, grows up to 2 m in 10 years, weeping - long branches beautifully fall to the ground, adult plant no more than eight meters, prickly - silver-bluish color, adult plant 3 m;
fir - requires a fertile soil, very shade-tolerant, grows very slowly, but is capable of reaching 20-50 m. Color - from dark green to silver. Popular varieties - Arizona, balsamic, Korean;
thuja - grows well on loose, damp, calcareous lands, almost not damaged by pests, has a pyramidal shape. The most common are Canadian, comb, elegant.

Hardwood

Deciduous possess high decorative effect, having various in a form, the size of leaves. Bright representatives:

Manchurian maple - high - up to 20 m, slim, good honey plant, originally introduced from the Far East. The triple leaves are green in summer, red-orange in autumn. He loves the sun, fertile soil, but is drought-resistant, cold-resistant;
Silver maple - grows up to 35-40 meters tall, cold-resistant, light-requiring, grows quickly, requires a lot of moisture. Five-lobed leaves, in summer green, in autumn - yellow, red-orange, maroon. Flowering maple starts before the leaves appear;
fluffy birch - unpretentious, frost-resistant, wind-resistant, loves wet earth. Her elongated crown, almost the entire trunk is white. The seeds are light, quickly spread over long distances, new shoots - with fuzz;
Hanging birch, or warty, has a height of more than 35 m, drought-resistant, grows well in sunny, wet places. The crown is a weeping form, openwork, the foliage is green in summer, turning yellow in autumn.

Decorative fruit

A large variety of hybrids that are well adapted to the harsh conditions of a temperate climate, allows you to beautifully arrange a country garden, even with a slight damage to the yield, nutritional properties of the fruit.

The most common:

small apple tree - low: grows to a maximum of 6-10 meters, has a good winter hardiness, prefer a neutral ground. The crown is spreading, the leaves are oval, in summer they are green, in autumn - reddish-orange. Flowers are white-pink, fruits are small, most often red;
Kiku-Shidare cherry or Sakura - prefers sunny, calm places, moderately moist nutrient lands. Three to six meters tall, branches hanging down, brilliant green leaves in summer, orange yellow in autumn. Blooms profusely with large pink flowers, small fruits;
willow-leaf pear tree - undemanding to the soil, height - up to three meters, silvery leaves, which are often preserved for the winter, white flowers, fruits inedible, small. Leaves, fruits are stored on the tree in winter.

Exotic trees

These species are imported mainly from hot countries, many are well adapted to the local climate, the rest require "warming" if frosty winter is expected.

Frequently grown species:

Ash magnolia - frost-resistant, likes well-hydrated, drained soil, sunny, windless places. It grows up to 6-7 meters in height. The color of leaves is from light green to silvery gray, the flowers are large - up to 30 cm in diameter, white;
Japanese purple or gingerbread tree - grows well in well-lit areas, but burns are possible from the direct rays of the sun. He likes wet, slightly acidic earth. Foliage in the shape of a heart, in spring the color is pinkish-satin, in autumn - golden crimson;
Tekom-Kampsis rooting - frost-resistant, requires abundant watering, woody perennial, vine, having aerial roots, which is fixed on any support. Height is 5-15 meters, flowers are bell-shaped, yellow or red-orange;
fragrant Brugmansia - prefers "fat" soil, a lot of light, does not differ frost resistance - requires a reliable shelter for the winter or growing in tubs, the height is up to four to five meters. Flowers - up to 30 cm long, their color is greenish-white.

Frost resistance of trees

To frost-resistant decorative species include:

Doorenbos birch is the whitest, multilateral, light-loving birch, suitable for the soil of medium fertility. The leaves are large, the flowers are numerous, inconspicuous, height - up to 15 meters;
Norway maple Royal Red is sun-loving, undemanding to the composition of the soil, but the marshlands do not accept. Height - up to 20 m, leaves - five-lobed or seven-bladed, in spring red, in autumn - red-black;
rowan ordinary - shade-tolerant, grows on almost any loose soil. Grows up to 5-10 meters, the leaves are pinnate, the flowers are small, white-yellowish, berryoobraznye fruits.

A variety of ornamental shrubs

Shrubs from trees differ in their size, from grasses - the presence of woody stems.

Popular types:

Japanese quince - light-requiring, drought-resistant, prefers light soils, medium moisture. When severe frosts require shelter. Fruits are yellow, do not ripen in cold regions;
forsythia - grows well in sunny areas, fertile light soils, blooms before the appearance of leaves, the flowers are yellow, small;
skumpiya - grows on fertile lands, the height is about three meters, in the summer the foliage is green, by autumn it is yellow-orange or maroon-scarlet. Flowers are white-pink or yellowish white;
fieldfare - grows on light soils, moderately photophilous, with flowers and leaves resembles mountain ash, by autumn the foliage from green becomes golden.

Basic rules of cultivation, care

Different species of woody plants require different conditions for normal growth, the preservation of decorative. Key recommendations:

crown formation from the first year of life;
annual sanitary pruning;
spring - whitewash to protect from the sun's rays;
pest, disease by spraying;
setting traps for hares, mice;
correct feeding for normal growth, fruiting;
regular watering in drought, heat;
in the fall - cleaning carrion, rotting leaves;
in winter, shaking off snow from branches, sheltering non-frost-resistant species.

Principles of arrangement of trees in the garden, their combination with other plants

When planning a garden, the following categories are used:

shtambovye - usually medium or low, with a crown, in form close to the ball;
various leafy weeping species;
dwarf fruit, deciduous trees;
columnar hybrids.

They have trees in one or two rows, one by one, according to a certain pattern, in groups of an odd number of representatives of the same, different species. You can form the so-called bosquets - mini-groves, which with the help of a hairstyle make out into dense "living fences", use both coniferous and deciduous species.

In the presence of extensive free spaces, some trees are used as tapeworms - light-loving plants, planted in an open area. Often they split the trunk, so that the tree turned out the most branchy, spreading, had a low landing. In some cases, gardeners, using special techniques, form a spherical, conical, umbrella, pyramidal, weeping crowns. More rarely - several identical plants are planted close to each other, gradually they almost grow together, from a distance they look like one.

It is also important to correctly combine among themselves the elements of green plantings - not all plants are friends. For example, jasmine, lilac, fir, horse chestnut have a detrimental effect on the development of pears, apples, and next to mulberry and sea buckthorn it is better not to plant anything at all. Most fruit crops do not tolerate the neighborhood with birch, maple, many conifers. Pines, spruces, firs strongly acidify the soil, which is unacceptable for stone fruit, pome species. If there are oak, willow, poplar in the garden, their fallen leaves should be removed before they begin to decompose. Separate tree species contain phytotoxins that are released into the air - being harmless to humans, they seriously damage other vegetation.

Even trees of the same breed can interfere with each other to grow when plantings become too thick, therefore the size, shape of the crown, the root system of a particular species is taken into account.

Conclusion

Coniferous and deciduous, stunted and huge garden trees, bushes will decorate, improve any house space, allowing you to use the dacha not only for digging potatoes, weeding carrots, spraying tomatoes, but also for a good rest, creating the most original home photoshoots against the backdrop of "decorations" grown by your own hands.